《中国仫佬族》( The Mulao Ethnic Group)

仫佬族是中华民族大家庭56个民族中的一员。根据2010年第六次全国人口普查统计，仫佬族人口数为216257人。仫佬族主要集中聚居在广西壮族自治区和贵州省，其中广西壮族自治区罗城仫佬族自治县仫佬族最为集中，这是全国唯一的仫佬族自治县。广西分散在罗城县外的仫佬族，主要由于迁徙、婚姻、工作、经商、服兵役等原因，在清朝、民国时期和中华人民共和国建立后从罗城外迁出去的，多数分布在河池市的宜州、河池、环江、都安和柳州市的柳江、柳城、忻城等县市。其分布呈现出“大部聚居，小部分散”的特征。 关于仫佬族的民族来源，目前较为普遍的观点认为，主要是由土生土长的届民演化而来的，其先民源于5万年前的“柳江人”。在漫长的社会历史时期，仫佬族先民也经历了母系和父系社会，后来转入阶级社会。先秦时期，仫佬族先民属骆越中的一支。东汉、魏晋至唐朝，仫佬族先民属僚和乌浒中的一支。宋代，仫佬先民为伶的一支。元明时期仫佬发展为单一民族。中华人民共和国建立后，经过民族识别，l956年经国务院批准，族称正式确定为仫佬族。l993年，中央政府认定贵州的2．8万“木佬人”为仫佬族。尽管目前学术界对该部分“木佬人”是否属于仫佬族尚有争议，本书仍对其进行了相应的介绍。(The Mulao ethnic group is among the great family of the Chinese nation including 56 ethnic groups. According to the 6th census statistics carried out in 2010, the Mulao nationality has a population of 216,257. It mainly inhabits the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou province, in which the Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region represents the most densely populated area of the Mulao people and China’s only Mulao Autonomous County. The Mulao people living outside Luocheng County in Guangxi is, in large part, distributed in Yizhou, Hechi, Huanjiang and Du’an counties of Hechi City and Liujiang, Liucheng and Xincheng counties of Liuzhou City, who moved out of Luocheng County due to migration, marriage, work, business, serving in the army and other reasons during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. The distribution of the Mulao People is characterized by “a large part living together and a small part living dispersedly”. For the source of the Mulao nationality, a current common general view is that it was evolved from generations of local residents, with its ancestors being “people from Liujiang” of 50,000 years ago. During the long period of social history, the ancestors of the Mulao nationality also experienced matriarchal and patrilineal societies and then moved on to class society. During the pre-Qin period, the ancestors of the Mulao nationality were among a branch of the Luoyue ancient ethnic group. During the periods of the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin, and Tang dynasties, its ancestors were among a branch of the Liao and Wuhu ethnic groups. In the Song Dynasty, they were among a branch of the Ling ethnic group. In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the Mulao nationality was developed into an individual ethnic group. In 1993, the Central Government identified that the 28,000 “Mulao people” living in Guizhou belonged to the Mulao ethnic group. Although the academic community currently still argues if these “Mulao people” belong to the Mulao ethnic group, this book provides a corresponding introduction of the nationality.)